Netherlands

The Netherlands faces a critical housing shortage with approximately 400,000 homes needed. Waiting lists for social housing in Amsterdam can exceed 15 years. The 'verhuurderheffing' (landlord levy) on housing corporations has been abolished to stimulate construction. Young people and middle-income earners are particularly affected.

The Netherlands has Europe's largest social housing sector as a percentage of total stock (~29%). However, it faces a severe housing shortage estimated at 400,000 homes. House prices have risen dramatically, particularly in Amsterdam and Utrecht. The government has committed to building 900,000 homes by 2030.

Smart City Strategy NL coordinating nationwide urban innovation; Amsterdam Smart City as flagship programme; Dutch Digitalisation Strategy investing in AI and data infrastructure; National Growth Fund (€20B) including urban innovation; Nationale Omgevingsvisie (NOVI) integrated spatial planning strategy